Touch is one of the most fundamental human senses – it develops in the embryonic stage and is essential not only for physical survival, but also for emotional development and psychological well-being. Massage, as a structured and purposeful touch, has been used for thousands of years – both in treatment and prevention. Modern research increasingly confirms that touch has profound physiological and psychological effects.
Touch and the nervous system
Touch activates mechanoreceptors in the skin, which send signals to the central nervous system. A special role here is played by C-tactile fibers – nerve endings that are sensitive to slow, gentle touches. These receptors send signals to areas of the brain associated with emotions and social bonding, such as the insula and orbitofrontal cortex (Olausson et al., 2002).
Slow, rhythmic touches, such as those often used in massage, activate these pathways, creating a calming effect. This response can reduce sympathetic nervous system activity (associated with the “fight or flight” response) and promote parasympathetic dominance – thereby improving sleep, digestion, and overall recovery.
Massage as a stress and anxiety reliever
Studies show that massage significantly reduces cortisol (stress hormone) levels in the blood. One of the most frequently cited meta-analyses in this field (Field, 2014) reveals that regular massage can reduce cortisol by up to 31%, while increasing levels of serotonin and dopamine – neurotransmitters associated with well-being and motivation.
Additionally, massage has been shown to have positive effects on people with anxiety disorders, depression, and even post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)For example, a 2010 study in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry suggests that massage as an adjunct therapy can significantly improve the control of PTSD symptoms.
Touch as a tool for relationships and emotional regulation
Touch is invaluable in infant development – skin-to-skin contact helps regulate body temperature, heart rate and hormonal balance. Remarkably, these same mechanisms persist into adulthood.
Social neuroscience researchers emphasize that touch promotes the release of oxytocin (the so-called “bonding hormone”). This hormone helps reduce anxiety, promotes trust, and emotional closeness (Walker et al., 2017). Massage, as a structured and safe form of touch, allows this mechanism to be used therapeutically – especially for people with reduced physical contact or emotional alienation.
The place of massage in modern medicine
Although massage has long been considered an alternative or complementary practice, today it is increasingly being integrated into rehabilitation programs and psychosocial care. For example:
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In oncology, massage helps reduce pain, nausea, and anxiety;
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In the treatment of chronic pain, it can serve as part of a multidisciplinary approach;
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In geriatrics, it helps maintain mobility and emotional well-being.
Massage is not just a mechanical effect on the muscles – it is a deeply biological and psychological experience, based on the fundamental human need for touch. It can reduce the physiological effects of stress, regulate emotional state and restore balance to the body and mind. Modern science confirms the long-known truth – touch has healing power..
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